Which of the infrahyoid muscles is the most anterior

This cadaver was an 83 year-old male. An additional anterior belly was bilaterally observed in the intermediate tendon that ran in an anteriomedial direction and was bilaterally inserted into the mylohyoid raphe.

Both additional anterior bellies had a triangular configuration, having a base in the mylohyoid raphe and a vertex in the intermediate tendon.

The left variation was The contralateral variation was Digastric muscle variations began to be reported at the end of the 20th century, unilateral types being more common than bilateral ones 3,4. Several authors have reported anatomical variations in the suprahyoid region, describing them according to their location, innervation, trajectory and composition Uzun et al.

De Ary-Pires et al. Aktekin et al. Sarikcioglu et al. Celik et al. Holibkova et al. Regarding innervation, Kawai et al. According to the innervation classification proposed by Sakamoto et al.

This variation does not match the extensive descriptions proposed by De Ary-Pires et al. It must be carefully analyzed when interpreting diagnostic images to avoid confusing it with tumor masses or lymphatic nodes; it should also be kept in mind during suprahyoid area surgery. In Stockstill 8 affirmed that these variations were related to unusual jaw movements; however, we believe from a functional perspective that their origin-insertion relationship should be remembered to understand their possible muscle-skeletal implication, such as facilitators in jaw opening movement, elevating the tongue base during swallowing and ventro-dorsi flexion of the head.

Further statement losses functional value and becomes merely speculative. A suitable electromyography activity study may be done during different cranio-cervical-mandibular movements This case report is important in the sense that it is aimed at raising awareness of the significance of anatomical variations in body areas especially enriched with structures having different functionality which might become confused when diagnosing images and during surgery.

Abstract THE movements of the hyoid bone and the larynx during swallowing are only well established for man 1—3. Access through your institution. Buy or subscribe. Rent or Buy article Get time limited or full article access on ReadCube. References 1 Last, R. Google Scholar 2 Gray's Anatomy , 35th ed. Article Google Scholar 4 du Chaine, J. Google Scholar 6 Doty, R. Google Scholar 7 Moyers, R. Article Google Scholar 9 Basmajian, J. Article Google Scholar 10 Hiiemae, K.

Google Scholar 11 Hiiemae, K. Google Scholar 12 Thexton, A. View author publications. Rights and permissions Reprints and Permissions. The more posterior fibers of the mylohyoid insert here on the body of the hyoid bone.

The mylohyoid muscle has a free posterior border which runs straight downwards when seen from the side, also a little inward when seen from behind. It inserts here, on the body of the hyoid bone. The stylohyoid arises from the lateral aspect of the styloid process. Here it is. The digastric muscle is unusual in that it has two bellies, an anterior and a posterior, that are connected in the middle by a tendon. The posterior belly of the digastric arises here, from the digastric notch on the underside of the temporal bone, and from the medial aspect of the mastoid process.

The origins of the sternocleidomastoid and splenius muscles, which have been removed in this dissection, lie lateral to it. The posterior belly narrows to a tendon which passes between the two slips of the stylohyoid. The omohyoid muscle is proximally attached to the scapula and distally attached to the hyoid bone.

The omohyoid is innervated by a branch of the cervical plexus, the ansa cervicalis , and mostly acts to stabilise the hyoid bone. The inferior belly of the omohyoid is innervated by the three cervical branches C1-C3 that make up the ansa cervicalis , while the superior belly is innervated by the superior root of ansa cervicalis which contains only fibers from the first cervical spinal nerves C1.

This article incorporates text in the public domain from page of the 20th edition of Gray's Anatomy Omohyoid muscle The omohyoid muscle is a muscle that depresses the hyoid.

Omohyoid muscle The omohyoid muscle, highlighted. Muscles of the neck. Platysma Sternocleidomastoid Longus capitis Longus colli Scalene anterior middle posterior Rectus capitis anterior muscle Rectus capitis lateralis muscle.